Ketan Pulwale 
Introduction: Redefining Dictatorship In popular discourse, ‘dictatorship’ often refers to the oppressive rule of a single leader or a small clique, where power is concentrated in the hands of a few. However, Marxism offers a different interpretation of the term, especially in the context of the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat.’ For Marxists, any state power … Read more
Introduction The Marxist theory of revolution, deeply rooted in the philosophy of dialectical materialism, offers a comprehensive analysis of societal change and the inevitable clash between opposing forces. This model asserts that revolutions are not only necessary but essential for the evolution of human societies. According to Marxist thought, these transformations are driven by contradictions … Read more
Introduction: A New Approach to SustainabilityEnvironmentalism, or ecologism, is more than just a movement—it is a natural extension of the doctrine of sustainable development. At its core, environmentalism seeks to redefine humanity’s relationship with nature and one another. It calls for humans to transition from being ‘masters’ of the natural world to becoming partners with … Read more
IntroductionDevelopment, in essence, is a positive phenomenon. It signifies progress and the improvement of human life across various spheres. However, when we shift our focus to the economic domain, certain unintended consequences of development emerge, often casting a shadow on its benefits. The relentless drive for economic growth brings with it the exploitation of natural … Read more
Amartya Sen, a renowned Indian economist and philosopher, has profoundly shaped the field of welfare economics with his groundbreaking ideas. His work focuses on the pivotal role of freedom in development, emphasizing that true progress involves more than economic growth—it requires enhancing people’s capabilities and expanding their freedoms. The Capabilities Approach: A New Perspective Sen’s … Read more
In contemporary political discourse, civil society is a term with dual meanings. First, it refers to social institutions like schools, churches, and peer groups that support and legitimize the state, aligning with Antonio Gramsci’s theory of civil society as a stabilizing force for capitalism. Second, civil society is understood as public interest organizations and social … Read more
Throughout human history, various forms of state systems have evolved, but none have succeeded in providing lasting peace and security. From the ancient Greek city-states locked in perpetual conflict to the expansive Roman Empire that failed to forge social solidarity among its diverse peoples, the pursuit of stability has been elusive. In the medieval era, … Read more
Authority = Power + Legitimacy The Essence of Authority: Power and Legitimacy Authority is fundamentally composed of two interconnected elements: power and legitimacy. While these concepts may seem intertwined, they are distinct in both nature and function, working together to create stable and enduring systems of governance and influence. Power: The Force Behind Command … Read more
In the mid-1950s and 1960s, a significant discourse emerged regarding the status of ideology in the modern world. Intellectuals in Western liberal-democratic societies proclaimed that the age of ideology had ended, viewing it as a tool of totalitarian regimes rather than a feature of open societies. This notion posited that at an advanced stage of … Read more
Human rights are the inherent rights to which every individual is entitled simply by virtue of being human. These rights establish the standards for the provision and expansion of civil, political, and socio-economic freedoms and are deeply intertwined with the concept of justice. The very essence of human rights originates from a long history of … Read more